Abstract: Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) represent a strategic approach to business consolidation, wherein companies seek to enhance their market position, operational efficiency, and financial strength through structural integration. A merger typically involves the unification of two entities into a single, jointly governed organization, often with the aim of achieving mutual growth and synergy. In contrast, an acquisition entails one company assuming control over another, either through asset purchase or equity transfer, thereby absorbing its operations and resources.At the core of M&A strategy lies the principle of value creation—where the combined entity is expected to generate greater economic and strategic benefits than the individual firms could achieve independently. This includes realizing economies of scale, expanding market reach, optimizing resource allocation, and improving competitive advantage. The overarching objective is to maximize shareholder wealth, not merely through short-term financial gains, but by fostering long-term sustainability, innovation, and resilience in a dynamic business environment.