Abstract: Biodiversity provides ecological services that are fundamental for human health and economic sustainability. In India, forest-based plant biodiversity offers critical resources such as medicinal plants, food supplements, and raw materials for industries. However, their economic valuation remains inadequately integrated into commerce and policy frameworks. This study seeks to evaluate the eco-economic contribution of forest-based plant biodiversity to human health within the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) framework, with a focus on SDG 3 (Health), SDG 8 (Economic Growth), SDG 12 (Sustainable Consumption), and SDG 15 (Life on Land). Using an exploratory approach based on secondary data interpretation, case studies, and indicative valuation methods, the research demonstrates the dual role of biodiversity in ensuring health security and enabling livelihood opportunities. Results highlight that plant-based ecological services not only reduce healthcare costs but also generate sustainable income through eco-commerce. The COVID-19 pandemic further underscores the risks of biodiversity loss for public health, reinforcing the need for conservation and restoration. The findings underline the urgency of mainstreaming biodiversity valuation into commercial decision-making and policy interventions. The study concludes by offering policy recommendations for integrating biodiversity-health linkages into national economic planning, thereby reinforcing India’s commitments to global sustainability targets.

Keywords: Forest finance, biodiversity, human health, eco-commerce, sustainable development goals, India.