Abstract: In addition to describing important behavioural patterns during nest construction and incubation, including parental behaviour, this study explores the kinds of nesting materials that Columba livia use. To learn more about material preference and nest site selection, observations were made over a three-month period in a variety of urban environments, such as rooftops, balconies, and building ledges. The findings show that pigeons build their nests mostly using any easily accessible resources, such as twigs, leaves, plastic strips, and other man-made items.  Nesting behaviour is characterized by careful selection of materials, repeated arrangement of structural components, and strategic site selection that provides protection from predators and harsh environmental conditions. The most favoured elements found to be the primary cause of this pigeon's population growth were nest safety, the development of young, and a good supply of nesting material at specific nesting sites. By showing that pigeons adapt by using man-made garbage in nest construction, the study further emphasizes how urbanization affects the availability of materials. These discoveries advance our knowledge of bird adaptability and have ramifications for conservation and urban wildlife management strategies.

Keywords:Nesting behaviour, Nesting materials, Reproductive success, Anthropogenic materials,Adaptation.