Abstract: This paper examines transport geography and its role in regional development in two adjacent districts of western Madhya Pradesh — Dhar and Alirajpur. Using district industrial profiles, census documents and recent transport project reports, the study compares road and rail availability, modal access, and recent investments (2010–2025). Results show Dhar has historically greater road network coverage and strategic industrial-logistics investment (e.g., Pithampur / Multi Modal Logistics Park initiatives), whereas Alirajpur has been transport-poor until recent railway link additions (rail station opened 2019). The analysis highlights how transport accessibility correlates with industrial opportunity, market access, and socio-economic indicators, and suggests targeted investment to reduce spatial inequality in connectivity.