Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the most pressing public health threats worldwide. Clinical isolates obtained from patient samples such as urine, blood, and sputum frequently exhibit multidrug resistance, limiting treatment options and increasing morbidity and mortality. The misuse of antibiotics in human medicine, veterinary practice, and agriculture has accelerated the spread of resistant pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The World Health Organization warns that, if unchecked, AMR could lead to 10 million deaths annually by 2050. This article highlights the burden of AMR in clinical isolates, the factors driving resistance, and the challenges in treatment. It also discusses strategies such as antibiotic stewardship, infection prevention, and research into alternative therapies. Addressing AMR requires coordinated global efforts to safeguard the efficacy of existing drugs and ensure effective management of infectious diseases in the future.

Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), Multidrug resistance (MDR), Clinical isolates.