Abstract: The rights of older persons have become a pressing global concern due to unprecedented demographic shifts, increasing longevity, and the challenges created by social, economic, and technological transitions. While the international community has adopted several soft-law frameworks such as the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (MIPAA), it is yet to finalize a legally binding international convention specifically dedicated to the rights of older persons. India, with one of the world’s largest ageing populations, continues to rely on constitutional protections, statutory mechanisms, and welfare schemes to safeguard elder rights. This paper provides an in-depth descriptive and analytical examination of international developments in elder rights and critically assesses India’s alignment with these standards. It also highlights the gaps, challenges, and future directions for establishing a comprehensive rights-based approach for ageing populations in India.