Abstract: The protection of elder persons’ rights has become a critical subject in India’s socio-legal landscape due to rapid demographic ageing, changing family structures, and increasing vulnerabilities faced by older adults. While legislative frameworks such as the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 attempt to address some of these concerns, the judiciary has emerged as a significant actor in enlarging the scope of elder rights through progressive interpretation of constitutional guarantees and statutory mandates. This paper examines the judicial approach to elder persons’ rights in India, tracing landmark judgments, thematic trends, doctrinal evolutions, and the judiciary’s role in filling policy gaps. It argues that Indian courts have consistently upheld dignity, protection, welfare, and social security for the elderly, but challenges remain in enforcement, administrative efficiency, and the actual realization of rights on the ground.