Abstract: Human Rights and good health are inextricably intertwined. The fact that health is being discussed in the context of human rights and is mentioned in so many human rights instruments suggests that health is a social benefit rather than just a medical, technological, or financial issue. The UDHR and the ICESCR both acknowledge that the state is responsible for the population’s health as a fundamental human right because it is crucial to one’s dignity. Primary health care (PHC) forms the foundation of an effective and equitable health system. In a welfare state’s context, providing Primary health care transcends legal and policy mandates and becomes a moral obligation. This paper explores the legal and ethical responsibility of India as a welfare state in guaranteeing comprehensive primary health care services to all the residents and in upholding the principles of social justice, equity, and human dignity. By analysing the legislative and policy frameworks and global health standards, the paper argues that a welfare state failing to prioritise primary health care undermines its foundational promise of societal well-being. The paper also discusses the relationship between the principles of human rights and the implementation of primary health care within India’s welfare framework and identifies the challenges that impede the realisation of universal primary health care.

Keywords: Human Rights, Primary Health Care, Right to Health, United Nations, Welfare State.