Abstract: Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are central contributors to the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, and metabolic syndromes. Indian medicinal plants have long been employed in traditional medicine to manage inflammatory and oxidative stress–related disorders. This review critically examines published in vitro and in vivo studies reporting the redox-regulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of Indian medicinal plants and their bioactive constituents. Evidence indicates that plant-derived phytochemicals such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenoids, and alkaloids modulate key molecular pathways involved in oxidative stress and inflammation, including reactive oxygen species scavenging, NF-κB inhibition, MAPK regulation, and cytokine suppression. The review highlights mechanistic insights derived from experimental models and discusses the therapeutic relevance of these findings in the context of disease prevention and management. Overall, this article underscores the potential of Indian medicinal plants as multi-target modulators of redox and inflammatory pathways and supports their integration into modern pharmacological research.

Keywords: Indian medicinal plants; antioxidants; anti-inflammatory; oxidative stress; polyphenols; cytokine modulation; herbal therapeutics.