Abstract: This study examines the  One Nation, One Election (ONOE) concept by contextualising global experiences for India’s diverse federal landscape. By analysing electoral synchronisation models in major democracies such as the United States, Brazil, Germany, Indonesia, Sweden, and South Africa, the research uncovers a spectrum of administrative efficiencies, political outcomes, and challenges surrounding simultaneous elections. Drawing from empirical lessons and comparative frameworks, the paper scrutinises opportunities and hurdles specific to India—including federal autonomy, logistical demands, constitutional amendments, and the balancing of national and regional interests. The findings emphasise the need for a phased, adaptive reform strategy supported by technological upgrades, inclusive dialogue, and robust institutional safeguards to preserve India’s electoral integrity and pluralism. Ultimately, this research provides a strategic, evidence-led roadmap for implementing ONOE, aiming to enhance governance efficiency, streamline costs, and strengthen India’s democracy while respecting its rich diversity.

Keywords: ONOE, simultaneous election, democracy, electoral reform, electoral synchronisation.