Abstract: India’s ascent on the global stage is one of the defining stories of the 21st century. Anchored by rapid economic growth, demographic advantages, strategic diplomacy, and expanding technological capabilities, India is increasingly recognized as an emerging world power. However, this transition is neither linear nor uncontested. Persistent structural challenges — from infrastructure deficits and inequality to geopolitical tensions and environmental sustainability — pose significant obstacles. This research paper critically examines India’s trajectory, delineating key enabling factors and constraints that shape its prospects for assuming a central role in global affairs.