Abstract: Plant biodiversity plays a crucial role in sustaining ecosystem services, human health, and economic development. Forest ecosystems rich in plant diversity provide essential ecological services such as medicinal resources, climate regulation, nutrient cycling, and water conservation. These services support not only environmental sustainability but also human welfare and biodiversity-based economic activities.

     This study examines the relationship between plant biodiversity, forest resources, human development indicators, and sustainable development goals using a conceptual and secondary-data-based approach. The analysis highlights the growing pressure on biodiversity due to population growth, declining forest availability per person, and increasing numbers of threatened species. At the same time, forest ecosystems contribute significantly to economic activities such as medicinal plant trade, non-timber forest products, eco-tourism, and ecosystem services that support rural livelihoods.

      The findings emphasize that biodiversity should be recognized as natural capital within economic planning and development policies. Integrating biodiversity conservation with economic strategies and sustainable forest management can enhance ecological resilience, human well-being, and long-term development outcomes. The study also demonstrates the strong alignment between biodiversity conservation and the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly those related to health, economic growth, climate action, and ecosystem protection.  Overall, the paper highlights the importance of adopting an integrated policy framework that links biodiversity conservation with sustainable economic development and human welfare.

Keywords: Plant biodiversity,Human health, Forest finance, Natural capital, Sustainable development, SDGs.